X-Ankle
The basic principles about the ankle X-ray examination.
Table of contents
Checklist
The following points may be used as a guide to assess an ankle x-ray (some terms are explained in more detail in the Pathology section).
General:
- Technique: has everything been imaged correctly; is it suitable for evaluation?
- Soft tissues: swelling? skin intact? Other: includes foreign body or atherosclerosis?
- Bone mineral density?
- Position of ankle fork? Cortical interruptions?
- Joint articulation: osteoarthritis? luxation?
- If a calcaneal fracture is suspected: interruptions of the trabeculae? Böhler's angle?
- Accessory ossicles? Normal epiphyseal plates?
- Abnormalities outside the ankle joint?
Specific to a distal fibular fracture:
- Determine the level versus the syndesmosis.
- Is there a fracture of the medial malleolus and/or posterior malleolus (= tertiary)?
- Abnormal clear spaces?
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Literature: sources and author
Text & Illustrations
drs. A. van der Plas, MSK radiologist Maastricht UMC+
Sources:
- B.J. Manaster et al. The Requisites – Musculoskeletal Imaging (2007).
- N. Raby et al. Accident & Emergency Radiology – A Survival Guide. (2005).
- R.W.Bucholz Rockwood & Green’s Fracturen in Adults. (2006).
- Prof.dr. J.A.N. Verhaar, dr. J.B.A. van Mourik. Orthopedie. (2008).
- Simplified diagnostic algorithm for Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle fractures. Radiographics 2012 Foot Ankle Int. (2012).
- Fractures of the Calcaneus: A Review with Emphasis on CT. Aditya Daftary, MB et al.Radiograpics (2005).
- Correlation between radiological assessment of acute ankle fractures and syndesmotic injury on MRI. J. J. Hermans JJ et al. Skeletal Radiol (2012).
24/01/2014
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